I get it! In the old days, teachers made their own tests; if students failed then it was because the student didn't try hard enough. Today, tests are a measure of teacher performance and, in some cases, a basis for a raise.
Since I'm not willing to fight the system by going to the state capitol and speaking in front of the school board, I'm going to focus on what goes on in my classroom. To those who are fighting the good fight, I applaud you. But high test scores gave me the only decent raise I ever received in my 13 years of public school education. This is how I do it.
First, find out what is on the test. If it's a state standardized test, google the name of the test and the word released and obtain all the released exams. In Texas, google "released starr eoc." In New York, google "released NY regents exam." Feel free to be more specific with grade and subject. For AP courses, you will need to access them on the College Board website after you log in as an instructor. Sadly, you can find some older released AP exams online. Is there a "blueprint" of the test, meaning a list of what topics will be covered on the test? If so, print it out! My biggest challenge in teaching AP Psychology has been figuring out what has generally been tested and what has not. Once you get a firm grasp, you can focus your instruction on those things.
Focus your lessons on what is on the test. This seems to be a no-brainer but it deserves emphasis here. If you decide to teach something that is not on the test, make sure it is interesting and/or valuable. For example, in my history classes I like to spend a few days teaching about the Kennedy assassination. I know it will not be on the test but I know my students are interested. A good example of this is World War II. Teachers and students love WWII. However, there is a difference between a World History class and a US History class in what to emphasize. Rosie the Riveter will probably not be on a World History test. Teach what you want, but have students take notes only over what is on the standardized test. Make sure your in-class exam has questions that match what's on your standardized test.
Know your students! After 4 or 6 weeks, give a well-written assessment that matches the difficulty of the standardized test you are preparing for. Take those student scores and do something with them. One of the most effective moves is to call each student up to your desk and talk to them about it. In a Title I school, many students will take a test, fail it, and put it out of sight and out of mind. Their parents will never hear of this test. You, the teacher, must call the student up to your desk and look directly at them and ask them, "Hey! You got a 47 on this test. What happened? [insert awkward pause here] Did you try? Or did you just blow it off?" As a teacher, this is where your people skills come in handy. At minimum, you need to instill the idea that the next time they take a test, they will need to try harder so they don't have to go up to the teacher's desk and have an awkward conversation. Ideally, you could go over the test with them and figure out if there is a pattern regarding which questions they missed. If they did well but missed the last third of the test, that probably means they got lazy and just bubbled in random answers. Ask them directly if that is what they did. If they admit to getting lazy at the end, then directly ask them, "Could you please not do that? It makes me look bad." I can hear your groans as you read this, but it works with the students that I teach. They won't do it for themselves, they won't do it for their parents, but they will do it for me!
After the second major test, the failure rate generally drops. Then I can focus on students who really need the help. At this point, I'll take a cue from homeschooling and work with the students individually or small groups. I try to assess whether the students did not know the material or was it the wording of the questions. This is a big deal since phrases like "the Silk Road facilitated the spread of Buddhism" can throw a LEP student. What does "facilitate" mean? How about the answer choice "Freud's theories were not empirical"? Words like empirical and facilitate can be a challenge to all students, especially LEP students.
Adjust your seating chart. I recommend you place your low-scoring students close to you. However, many teachers like to pair their low scoring students with their high scoring students. That's up to you. I don't like paring because students will just copy off each other. However, on the next test, if your approach doesn't work, try something else. Making adjustments based on test scores is what data-driven instruction is all about! It's something we teachers have always done before we named it something. If you don't make any adjustments to your seating chart, at least write, in pencil, their test grade next to their name. You need to call on these students more. You need to keep these students off their phones.
Notice, I haven't mentioned tutoring. If you can get them to come, then great! Many teachers have morning PLCs and afternoon coaching. Many students have to catch a bus or go to work. Some students have their own kids they need to go take care of.
Finally, don't forget good instruction! In short, good instruction involves enthusiasm, visuals, gamification (Kahoot and Quizizz), and repetition.
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